La riduzione del danno: concetti generali

 1. Barrow S.M. (1991) Evaluating outreach services: lesson from five programs", New direction for mental health services, vol 2

 2. Booth R.E., Koester S.K. (1996) "Issues and approaches to evaluating HIV outreach interventions", Journal of drug issues 26,3

 3. Buning E., van Brussel G., van Santen G. (1988) "Amsterdam’s drug policy and its implication for controlling needle exchange", in Needle sharing among drug abusers. National and international perspectives, NIDA Research Monograph 80

 4. Elwood W.N., Dayton C.A., Richard A.J. (1995) "Ethnography and illegal drug users: the efficacy of outreach as HIV prevention", Communication studies 46 (3-4)

 5. Grant I. (1997) "An evaluation of outreach work in Lothian, Edinburgh CHAD

 6. Hartnoll R.L., Rodhes T.J., Jones S. (1990) " A survey of HIV outreach interventions in the United Kingdom" University of London, Dept of politics and sociology, Drug indicators project

 7. Kaplan E.H., O’Keefe E. (1993) "Let the needles do the talking! Evaluating the New Haven needle exchange." Interfaces 23

 8. Korf D.J., Riper H. (1997) " Illicit drugs in Europe: Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on drug use and drug policy in Europe", Amsterdam, SISWO

 9. Mc Auliffe W., Doering S. (1986) "Evaluation of street outreach AIDS prevention (SOAP) Project: final report" Boston, Health education organization

10. "Outreach proceedings" (1994) Pompidou group - World Health Organization

11. "Outreach work among drug users in Europe: concepts, practice, and terminology" - (1998) EMCDDA

12. Rodhes T.J., Hartnoll R.L., Johnson A.M. (1991) "Out of the agency and onto the streets: a review of HIV outreach health education in Europe and United States", London, Institute for the study of drug dependency, Research Monograph 2

13. Rodhes T.J., Holland G., Hartnoll R.L. (1991) "Hard to reach or out of reach: an evaluation of innovative model of HIV outreach health education" London, Tufnell Press

14. Richard A. J., Bell C., Elwood W.N. (1996) "Outreach and programs evaluation: some measurement issues", Evaluation practice 17,3

15. Serpelloni G., Rossi A. (1996) "HIV/AIDS e droga. Manuale per operatori della prevenzione. L’intervento di strada", Leonard Edizioni

16. Stimson G., Alldritti L., Dolan K. (1988) "Injecting equipment exchange scheme: final report" London, university of London Glodsmith College

Interventi di strada

 1. Barrow S.M. (1991) Evaluating outreach services: lesson from five programs", New direction for menthal health services,vol 2

 2. Booth R.E., Koester S.K. (1996) "Issues and approaches to evaluating HIV outreach interventions", Journal of drug issues 26,3

 3. Buning E., van Brussel G., van Santen G. (1988) "Amsterdam’s drug policy and its implication for controlling needle exchange", in Needle sharing among drug abusers. National and international perspectives, NIDA Research Monograph 80

 4. Elwood W.N., Dayton C.A., Richard A.J. (1995) "Ethnography and illegal drug users: the efficacy of outreach as HIV prevention", Communication studies 46 (3-4)

 5. Grant I. (1997) "An evaluation of outreach work in Lothian, Edinburgh CHAD

 6. Hartnoll R.L., Rodhes T.J., Jones S. (1990) " A survey of HIV outreach interventions in the United Kingdom" University of London, Dept of politics and sociology, Drug indicators project

 7. Kaplan E.H., O’Keefe E. (1993) "Let the needles do the talking! Evaluating the New Haven needle exchange." Interfaces 23

 8. Korf D.J., Riper H. (1997) " Illicit drugs in Europe: Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on drug use and drug policy in Europe", Amsterdam, SISWO

 9. Mc Auliffe W., Doering S. (1986) "Evaluation of street outreach AIDS prevention (SOAP) Project: final report" Boston, Health education organization

10. "Outreach proceedings" (1994) Pompidou group - World Health Organization

11. "Outreach work among drug users in Europe: concepts, practice, and terminology" - (1998) EMCDDA

12. Rodhes T.J., Hartnoll R.L., Johnson A.M. (1991) "Out of the agency and onto the streets: a review of HIV outreach health education in Europe and United States", London, Institute for the study of drug dependency, Research Monograph 2

13. Rodhes T.J., Holland G., Hartnoll R.L. (1991) "Hard to reach or out of reach: an evaluation of innovative model of HIV outreach health education" London, Tufnell Press

14. Richard A.J., Bell C., Elwood W.N. (1996) "Outreach and programs evaluation: some measurement issues", Evaluation practice 17,3

15. Serpelloni G., Rossi A. (1996) "HIV/AIDS e droga. Manuale per operatori della prevenzione. L’intervento di strada", Leonard Edizioni

16. Stimson G., Alldritti L., Dolan K. (1988) "Injecting equipment exchange scheme: final report" London, University of London Glodsmith College

Materiali di profilassi

 1. Agnoletto V., Andolina M., Capra B., Ceserani N., Passarello P. (1993): "Strategie di Riduzione del danno per l’infezione da HIV in una popolazione tossicodipendente attiva", THE PRATICTIONER ed. It. n° 174,11.

2. Agnoletto V., La Marca P. (1995): "Contenere il virus HIV: un progetto pilota a S. Giuliano Milanese", Prospettive sociali e sanitarie n° 3/95 - 5/95

3. Agnoletto V., La Marca P., et al.(1997) "A compared analysis: three outreach project aimed to AIDS/STDs prevention among sex workers in northern Italy", presentato, in collaborazione con il Comitato per i Diritti Civili delle Prostitute, alla VIII° Conferenza Internazionale sulla Riduzione del danno, Parigi

 4. Agnoletto V., La Marca P. (1999) ‘Nuove tendenze nelle grandi città’presentato al I° Meeting Nazionale Unità Mobili, Bologna

 5. Agnoletto V., La Marca P., Volpicelli S., (1999) "MIRO: Materials Impact Research Outreach", presentato alla X° Conferenza Internazionale sulla Riduzione del danno, Ginevra

 6. Volpicelli S., La Marca P., Vegro B., Santarelli L., (1999) "Drugs book: a raver’s handbook", presentato alla X° Conferenza Internazionale sulla Riduzione del danno, Ginevra

 7. EUROPAP - TAMPEP European network for HIV/STD prevention among sex workers (1999) ‘Darsi da fare per la salute: organizzazione di servizi rivolti al mondo della prostituzione’ finanziato dal Comune di Roma, Assessorato alle politiche per la promozione della salute, Roma

Strutture intermedie a bassa soglia

 1. M.Barra, U.Ciervo e V.Cataldo: "Unità di strada e non solo, ovvero Villa Maraini e la riduzione del danno in "Itaca" 1997, n.2

 2. A.Calderone: Magliana ‘80: "Dalla strada alla strada" in "Itaca" 1997, n.2

 3. R.Frighetto, Serpelloni, S.Bertacco: "Il drop-in center" in HIV/AIDS e Droga Leonard Edizioni Verona – 1996

 4. M.Pandin: "Riduzione del danno nella terraferma veneziana" Animazione Sociale, 1997

 5. M. Malorzo – a cura di "Un centro diurno per la popolazione tossicodipendente in Francia – La riduzione del danno è sbarcata a Marsiglia" in "Limitazione del danno" Suppl. Aspe n.16 del 7-9-1995

 6. Bruno Tanche – intervista a "La riduzione del danno per incontrare il sommerso" in "Limitazione del danno" Suppl. Aspe n.16 del 7-9-1995

 7. K. Dolan – J. Mundy "No place to go" in Connexions 1997, dec – jan n.12:10

 8. S. Rutter – K. Dolan – A. Wodak "Rooms for rent: iniecting and harm reduction in Sidney" in Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health – 1997, 21 (1); 105

 9. Lanz – R. Sempach – G Scholz, Evaluation der Kontakt und Anlaustellen, ein niedrigschwelligen Tagesstrukturangebot (Evaluation of contact – and drop – in centers)" in Sozial und Praventivmedizin – 1996 41 (Suppl. 1): S35 – S44

10. Buerki – M. Egger – R.B. Haemming – et al. "HIV – risk behavior among street intravenous drug users attendig a shooting room" in Bern Switzerland: 1990 and 1995 Bern, Switzerland: University of Bern, 1996

11. Sozialamt der Stadt Zurich. Erfahrungsbericht der Kontakt – und Anlaufstellen uber den Betrieb der Gassenzimmer (Progress report of the contact points and drop – in centers on the working of the alklkey – rooms). In Zurich, Switzerland: Sozialamt der Stadt Zurich 1993. p. 78.

Metadone e LAAM

 1. Farrel M, Ward J, Mattick R, Hall W, Stimson GV, Des Jarlais DC, Gossop M, Strang J: Methadone Maintenance treatment in opiate dependence: a review. British Medical Journal 309, 997-1001, 1994.

 2. Ball JC, Ross A: The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenace Treatment. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1991.

 3. Deglon JJ: Le traitement à long terme des héroinomanes par la méthadone. Médecine & Hygiène Eds, Genève, 1982.

 4. Mason P: Guidelines for Structured Methadone Maintenace Programmes. The Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, London, 1995.

 5. Bertschy G, Calanca A: Choix de la méthadone: la souplesse reste d’actualité. Mèdecine & Hygiène 51, 2238-2241, 1993.

 6. Brown BS, Watters SK, Iglehart AS: Methadone maintenance dosage levels and program retention. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 9, 129-139, 1982-1983.

 7. Caplehorn JRM, Bell J: Methadone dosage and retention of patients in maintenance treatment. Med J Aust 154(3), 195-199, 1991.

 8. Center for Substance Abuse treatment (CSAT): Treatment Improvement Protocol Series. State Methadone Treatment Guidelines DHHS Publication No (SMA) 93-1991, 1993.

 9. Chang G, Caroll KM, Behr HM, Kosten TR: The use of plasme levels to optimize methadone maintenance treatment. Drug Alcohol Dependence, 30 (3), 241-246, 1992.

10. Holmstrand J, Anggard E, Gunne LM: Plasma levels and sympton complaints in patients maintained on daily dosage of methadone hydrochloride. Clin Pharmaco Ther 17,636-648, 1975.

11. Maxwell S, Shinderman M: Clinical management of patients requiring high dose methadone. American Methadone Treatment Association Conference, April 13-16, Chicago, 1997.

12. Siassi I, Angle BP, Alston DC: Comparison of the effect of high and low doses of methadone on treatment outcome. International J Addiction 12(8), 993-1005, 1977.

13. Maremmani I, Lamanna F, Cassano GB: La cura della tossicodipendenza come prevenzione dell’AIDS. Giornale Italiano dell’AIDS 7, 33-39, 1996.

14. Senay EC: Withdrawal from methadone maintenance. Arch. Gen. Psych 34, 361-367, 1977.

15. Newman RG: Double-blind comparison of methadone and placebo maintenance treatments of narcotic addicts in Hong Kong. Lancet, 1979.

16. Dole VP, Nyswander ME: Rehabilitation of heroin addicts after blockade with methadone. New York State Journal of Medicine 66 (15), 2011-2017, 1966.

17. Dole VP, Nyswander ME, Kreek MJ: Narcotic Blockade. Arch Int Medicine 118,304-309,1966.

18. Loimer N, Schmid R: The use of plasme levels to optimize methadone maintenance treatment. Drug Alcohol Dependence 30 (3), 241-246, 1992.

19. Blaney T, Craig RJ: Methadone Maintenance: Dos Doses Determine Differences in Outcome? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 16, 3, 221-228, 1999.

20. Bell J, Digiusto E, Byth K: Who should receive methadone maintenance? British Journal of Addiction 87, 689-694, 1992.

21. Maremmani I, Guelfi GP (Eds): Metadone: le ragioni per l’uso. Pacini Editore, Pisa, 1996.

22. Verster A, Davoli M, Perucci AC: Harm Reduction in Rome. International J of Drug Policy 7 (2), 73-79, 1996.

23. Yancovitz SR, Des Jarlais DC, Peyser NP, Drew E, Friedman P, Trigg HL: A randomised trial of an interim methadone maintenance clinic. American J of Public Health 81, 1185-1200, 1991.

24. Glass RM: Methadone Maintenance – New Research on a Controversial treatment. JAMA 269, 1995-1996, 1993.

25. Mc Lellan TA, Arndt IO, Metzger DS, Woody GE, O’Brien CP: the Effects of Psychosocial Services in Substance Abuse treatment. JAMA 269, 1953-1959, 1993.

26. Buning E., van Brussels G., van Santen G.: The "Methadone by Bus" Project in Amsterdam. The International J of the Addiction 85,1247-1250, 1990.

27. Simpson DD: The relation of time spent in drug abuse treatment to post-treatment outcome. American J of Psychiatry136,1449-1453,1979.

28. Bertschy G.: Methadone maintenance treatment – an update. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 245,114-124,1995.

29. Plomp H.N.,van der hek H.: Profilen van clienten binnen het Amsterdamse methadoncircuit. Amsterdam, VU-University press, 1993.

30. Fudala PJ, Vocci F, Montgomery A, trachtenberg AI: Levomenthadyl Acetate (LAAM) for the treatment of Opioid Dependence: A Multisite, Open-Label Study of LAAM Safety and an Evaluation of the Product Labeling and Treatment Regulations. Journal of Maintenemence in the Addictions, vol 1, n°2, 9-40, 1997.

31. Sees k.L., Delucchi K.L., Masson C., Rosen A:, ClarK H.W., Robillard H, Banys H., Hall S.M.: Methadone maintenance vs 180 –day psychosocially enriched detoxification for treatment of opioid dependence. A randomized controlled trial – JAMA, March 8, 2000 – Vol. 233, n. 1303.

32. Zaric G.S., Barnett P.G., Brandeau M.L.:HIV transmission and the cost-effectiveness of methadone maintenance. American Journal of Public Health, July 2000, Vol. 90. n.7.

Buprenorfina

 1. Amass L, Bickel WK, Higgins ST, Badger GJ (1994) Alternate-day dosing during buprenorphine treatment of opioid dependence. Life Sci, 54, 1215-1228.

 2. Bickel WK, Petry NM, Tzanis EL (1996) The limits of multiple-day dosing with buprenorphine? Quintuple doses. Abstract presented at College on Problems of Drug Dependence, 58th Annual Scientific Meeting: San Juan, Puerto Rico.

 3. Cheskin LJ, Fudala PJ, Johnson RE (1994) A controlled comparison of buprenorphine and clonidine for acute detoxification from opioids. Drug Alcohol Dep, 36, 115-121.

 4. Compton PA, Ling W, Charuvastra VC, Wesson DR (1995) Buprenorphine as a pharmacoterapy for cocaine abuse: a review of the evidence. J Addict Dis, 14,97 114.

 5. Compton PA, Wesson DR, Charuvastra VC Ling W (1996) Buprenorphine as a pharmacotherapy for opiate addiction: what dose provide a therapeutic response?. Am J Addiction, 5, 220-230.

 6. Fudala PJ, Jaffe JH, Dax ED, Johnson RE (1990) Use of buprenorphine in the treatment of opiate addiction. II Physiologic aud behavioral effects of daily and alternate day administration and abrupt withdrawal. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 47, 525 534.

 7. Janiri I, Mannelli P, Persico AM (1994) Opiate detoxification of methadone maintenance patients using lefetamine, clonidine and buprenorphine. Drug Alcohol Dep, 36, 139-145.

 8. Jasinski DR (1981) Clinical pharmscology of mixed agonist-antagonist drug. Psychopharmac Bull, 17, 85.

 9. Jasinski DR, Pevnic JS, Griffith JD (1978) Human pharmacology and abuse potential of the analgesic buprenorphine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35, 501-516.

10. Jasinski DR, Preston KL (1995) Laboratory studies of buprenorphine in opioid abusers. In: Cowan A, Lewis JW eds. Buprenorphine: combatting drug abuse with a unique drug, Wiley-Liss, New York, 189-211.

11. Johnson RE (1987). Review of US clinical trials of buprenorphine. Res Clin Forum, 19(3), 17-23.

12. Johnson RE, Eissenberg T, Stitzer ML (1995) Buprenorphine treatment: of opioid dependence: clinical trial of daily versus alternate-day dosing. Drug Alcohol Dep, 40,27-35.

13. Johnson RE, Jaffe JH, Fudala PJ (1992) A controlled trail of buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence. JAMA, 267, 2750-2755.

14. Kosten TR, Kleber UD (1988). Buprenorphine detoxification from opioid dependence: a pilot study. Life Sci, 6,35-44.

15. Ling W, Wesson DR, Charuvastra C, Klett CJ (1996) A controlled trial comparing buprenorphine ad methadone maintenance in opioid dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53, 401407.

16. Liu ZM, Cai ZJ, Wang XP, Ge Y, Li CM (1997) Rapid detoxification of heroin dependence by buprenorphine. Acta Pharmscol Sinica, 18, 112-114.

17. Mello NK, Lukas SE, Mendelson JH, Drieze J (1993) Naltrexone-buprenorphine interaction: effects on cocaine self-administration. Neuropsychopharmacology, 9, 211-224.

18. Mello NK, Mendelson JH (1980) Buprenorphine suppresses heroin use by heroin addicts. Science, 207, 657-659.

19. Nigam AI, Ray R, Tripathi BM (1993) Buprenorphine in opiate withdrawal: a comparison with clonidine. J Subst Abuse Treat, 10, 39 1-394.

20. Nutt DJ (1997) Receptor pharmacology of buprenorphine. Res Clin Forum, 19(2), 9.

21. O’Connor PG, CarroIl KM, Shai JM, Schottenfeld RS, Kosten TR, Rousaville BJ (1997) Three methods of opioid detoxification in a primary care setting: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 127, 526-530.

22. Parran TV, Adelman CL Jasinski DR (1994), A buprenorphine stabilization and rapid taper protocol for the detoxification of opioid-dependent patients. Am J Addictions, 3, 306-313.

23. Petry NM, Bickel WK, Tzanis EL (1996) Quadruple buprenorphine doses maintance opioid-dependent outpatients 96 hours with minimal withdrawal. Abstract presented at College on Problems of Drug Dependence, 58th Annual Scientific Meeting; San Juan, Puerto Rico.

24. Schottenfeld RS, Pakes JR, Oliveto A, (1997) Buprenorphine vs. Methadone maintenance treatment for concurrent opioid dependence and cocaine abuse. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54, 713-720.

25. Strain EC, Stitzer ML, Liebson IA, Bigelow GE (1994) Comparison of buprenorphine and methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. Am J Psychiatry 151, 1025 1030.

26. Walsh SL, Preston XL, Bigelow GE, Stitzer ML (1995) Acute administration of buprenorphine in humans: partial agonist and blockade effect. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 274. 361-372.

27. Walsh SL, Preston XL, Stitzer ML (1994) Clinical pharnnacology of buprenorphine: ceiling effects at high doses. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 55, 568-580.

I tossicodipendenti extracomunitari

 1. Rotaris, M.(1994) Atti del corso per operatori sanitari "La salute degli immigrati". ISMU Fondazione Cariplo.

 2. Bullo, C. et al., (1994) Atti del corso per operatori sanitari "La salute degli immigrati". ISMU Fondazione Cariplo.

 3. Giancane, S. (1996) Immigrati e droga: Equivoco, Miopia o Malafede. Bollettino per le Farmacodipendenze e l’Alcoolismo 1.

 4. Rotaris, M. (1997) Tossicodipendenti senza fissa dimora e metadone. Bollettino per le Farmacodipendenze e l’Alcoolismo 1.

 5. Pavarin, R.M., Salsi A., (1999). Analisi delle caratteristiche dei soggetti contattati dagli operatori di strada del Comune di Bologna - primo semestre 1998. Bollettino per le Farmacodipendenze e l’Alcoolismo 1.

Prevenzione della mortalità per overdose

 1. Strang, J., Darke, S., Hall, W., Farrell, M., Ali, R.: Heroin overdose: the case for take-home naloxone. Br.Med.J. 312, 1435, 1996.

 2. Darke, S, Hall, W.: The distribution of naloxone to heroin users. Addiction, 92, 1195-1199.

 3. Simini, B.: Naloxone supplied to Italian heroin addicts. Lancet, 352, 967, 1998

 4. Strang, J., Powis, B., Best, D., Vingoe L., Griffiths,P., Taylor, C., Welch., S., Gossop, M.: Preventing opiate overdose fatalities with take-home naloxone: pre-launch study of possible impact and acceptability. Addiction, 94(2), 199-204, 1999.

 5. Hulse, G., English, D., Milne, E., Holman, C.: The quantification of mortality resulting from the regular use of illicit opiates. Addiction, 94(2), 221-229, 1999.

 6. Powis, B., Strang, J., Griffiths, P., Taylor, C., Williamson, S., Fountain, J., Gossop, M.: Self-reported overdose among injecting drug-users in London: extent and nature of the problem. Addiction 94(2), 471-478, 1999.

Counseling

 1. Anglin TM, Comprehensive school-based health care: high school students’ use of medical, mental health, and substance abuse services, Pediatrics, 1996, 97(3), p318-30.

 2. Azrin NH, Follow-up results of supportive versus behavioral therapy for illicit drug use, Behav Res Ther, 1996, 34 (1), p41-6.

 3. Barber JC, Working with resistant drug abusers, Soc Work, 1995, 40 (1), p17-23.

 4. Barber JP, Development of an adherence/competence rating scale for individual drug counseling, Drug Alcohol Depend, 1996, 43 (3), p125-32.

 5. Barrows DC, The community orientation of social model and medical model recovery programs, J Subst Abuse Treat, 1998, 15 (1), p55-64.

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 7. Berg JE, Complaints that predict drop-out from a detoxification and counselling unit, Addict Behav, 1998, 23 (1), p35-40.

 8. Brown BS, Observations on the recent history of drug users counseling, Int J Addict, 1993, 28 (12) 1243-55.

 9. Carkhuff R., L’arte di capire, 1993, Trento.

10. Cavelier A, Prèvention: le conseil est fait pour durer, 1993, Transcriptase, 6, p13-5.

11. Czuchry M., The use of node-link mapping in drug abuse counseling: the role of attentional factors,, J Psychoactive Drugs,1995, 27 (2), p191-6.

12. Daley DC, Group drug counseling, National Conference on Drug Addiction Treatment: From Research to Practice, NIDA, 1995.

13. Dansereau DF, Ethnicity and the effects of mapping-enhanced drug abuse counseling, Addict Behav, 1996, 21 (3), p363-76.

14. D’Aunno T, An oganizational analysis of services patterns in outpatient drug abuse treatment units, J Subst Abuse, 1995, 7 (1), p27-42.

15. Dees SM, Using schematic organizers to help college students organize personal concepts and behavior related to alcohol and cocaine use, Addict Behav, 1993, 18 (6), p 645-57.

16. Dees SM, A visual representation system for drug abuse counselors, J Subst Abuse Treat, 1994, 11 (6), p517-23.

17. Edens JF, Treating prisons inmates with co-occuring disorders: an integrative review of existing programs, Behav Sci Law, 1997, 15 (4) p439-57.

18. Elwood WN, To hang in the hood: description and analysis of outreach activities, J Psychoactive Drugs, 1995, 27 (3) p249-59.

19. Etheridge RM, Treatment services in two national studies of community-based drug abuse treatment programs, J Subst Abuse, 1995 (7), p9-26.

20. Fals-Stewart W., Ability to counselors to detect cognitive impairment among substance-abusing patients: an examination of diagnostic efficiency, Exp. Clin Psychopharmacol, 1997, 5 (1), p39-50.

21. Figurelli GA, Assessment of change in scores on personal control orientation and use of drugs and alcohol of adolescents who participate in a cognitively oriented pretreatment intervention, Psychol Rep, 1994, 75 (2), p939-44.

22. Finn P., Addresing the needs of cultural minorities in drug treatment, J Subst Abuse Treat, 1994, 11 (4), 9325-37.

23. Fiorentine R., More is better counseling partecipation and the effectiveness of outpatient drug treatment, J Drug Abuse Treat, 1996, 13 (4), p341-8.

24. Fiorentine R., Does increasing the opportunity for counseling increase the effectiveness of outpatient drug treatment?, Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 1997, 23 (3), p369-82.

25. Friedemann ML, Evaluation of the Congruence Model with rehabilitating substance abusers. Int J Nurs Stud, 1994, 31 (1), p97-108.

26. Gloria AM, Counseling Latino alcohol and other substance users/abusers. Cultural consideration for counselors, J Subst Abuse Treat, 1996, 13 (2), p119-26.

27. Golz J, Ambulatory medical treatment of drug dependent patients, Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena), 1996, 90 (4), p271-8.

28. Gottheil E., Treatment structure, client coping methods, and response to brief counseling: preliminary findings in a substance dependent sample, J Addict Dis, 1997, 16 (3) p51-65.

29. Graham K, Continuity of care in addictions treatment: the role of advocacy and coordination in case management, Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 1995, 24 (4), p433-51.

30. Graham K, A controlled field group versus individual cognitive-behavioural training for relapse prevention, Addiction, 1996, 91 (8), p1127-39.

31. Hagman G., Methadone maintenance counseling. Definition, principles, components, J Subst Abuse Treat, 1994, 11 (5), p405-13.

32. Harris RM, An intervention for changing high-risk HIV behaviors of African American drug-dependent women, Res Nurs Health, 1998, 21 (3), p239-50.

33. Joe GW, Node-link mapping for counseling cocaine users in methadone treatment, J Subst Abuse, 1994, 6 (4), p393-406.

34. Johnson RL, Drug abuse, Pediatr Rev, 1995, 16 (5), p197-9.

35. Knight DK, The role of node-link mapping in individual and group counseling, Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 1994, 20 (4) p517-27.

36. Kotranski L., Effectiveness of an HIV risk reduction counseling intervention for out-of-treatment drug users, AIDS Educ. Prev., 1998, 10 (1), p19-33.

37. Laken MP, Effects of case management on retention in prenatal substance abuse treatment, Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 1996, 22 (3), p439-48.

38. Leshner AI, NIDA urges HIV counseling, testing for research subjects, NIDA Notes, 5/5, 1995.

39. Malliori M., A survey of bloodborne viruses and associated risk behaviours in Greek prisons, Addiction,1998, 93 (2), p243-51.

40. McClanahan KK, Trading school counselors in substance abuse risk reduction techniques for use with children and adolescent, J Drug Educ, 1998, 28 (1), p39-51.

41. McKay JR, Group counseling versus individualized relapse prevention aftercare following intensive outpatient treatment for cocaine dependence: initial results, J Consult Psycol, 1197, 65 (5), p778-88.

42. McLellan AT, The effects of psychosocial services in substance abuse treatment, JAMA, 1993, 269(15), p1953-9.

43. Mercer D, Individual addiction counseling, National Conference on Drug Addiction Treatment: From Research to Practice, NIDA, 1995.

44. Milby JB, Psychiatric comorbidity: prevalence in methadone maintenance treatment, Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 1996, 22 (1), p95-107.

45. Miller WR, How to treat if you only have three or four sessions, National Conference on Drug Addiction Treatment: From Research to Practice, NIDA, 1995.

46. Miller WR, Motivational interviewing: research, practice, and puzzles, Addict Behav, 1996, 21 (6), p835-42.

47. Mucchielli R., Apprendere il counseling, 1987, Trento.

48. Newschaffer CJ, Improved birth outcomes associated with enhanced Medicaid prenatal care in drug-using women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, Obstet Gynecol, 1998, 91 (6), p885-91.

49. Nyamathi AM, Relative impact of two AIDS Education Programs among high-risk women on cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial variables, AIDS edication and prevention, 1997, 9, p253-73.

50. Ong TH, Changes in psychological characteristics of drug abusers in a group counselling programme, Bull Narc, 1994, 46 (2), p35-47.

51. Pitre U., Client education levels and the effectiveness of node-link maps, J Addict Dis, 1996, 15 (3), p27-44.

52. Richards D., Methadone in rural general practice: addiction or rehabilitation, Aust J Rural Health, 1998, 6 (1), p. 42-5.

53. Rowe L, Making general practice work for young people, Aust Fam Psysician, 1997, 26(12), p1403-5.

54. Samet JH, Beyond CAGE. A brief clinical approach after detection of substance abuse, 1996, 156 (20), p2287-93.

55. Senay EC, Medical maintenance: a pilot study, J Addict Dis, 1993, 12 (4) p. 59-76.

56. Siegal HA, Enhancing substance abuse treatment with case management. Its impact on employment, J Subst Abuse Treat, 1996, 13 (2), p93-8.

57. Silverman D, Parlare di "sesso sicuro" nel counseling per l’HIV: valutazioni di tre formati di comunicazione, 1993, Basis, 1, p41-54.

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Valutazione dei risultati ed esiti degli interventi

EMCDDA: Guidelines for the evaluation of drug prevention. A manual for programme-planners and evaluators. 1998

EMCDDA: Insights Series: Outreach work among drug users in Europe: conce practice and terminology. June 1999.

EMCDDA: Scientific Monograph Series: Evaluating drug prevention in the European Union. June,1998

EMCDDA: Scientific Monograph Series: Evaluating the treatment of drug abuse in the European Union. January 1999.

EMCDDA: Scientific Monograph Series: Understanding and responding to drug use: the role of qualitative research. July 2000.